Blocked Fallopian Tubes: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment Options

Blocked fallopian tubes refer to a condition in which one or both tubes that connect the ovaries to the uterus become partially or completely obstructed. When the tubes are blocked, the natural process of fertilisation is interrupted, making pregnancy difficult to achieve. Many women only learn about it after months or even years of trying to conceive.

Understanding the causes and signs of blocked fallopian tubes can help address the problem at the right time. Here’s everything you need to know about this condition.

What Does It Mean to Have Blocked Fallopian Tubes?

Blocked fallopian tubes mean one or both tubes are partially or completely obstructed, preventing the egg and sperm from meeting.

• Partial blockage: The tubes may open slightly but not enough for fertilisation.
• Complete blockage: The tubes are fully closed, stopping any passage of the egg.

Since there are usually no clear symptoms, many women only discover the condition when they face difficulty conceiving.

What Causes Blocked Fallopian Tubes?

Tubal blockage can occur due to inflammation, infection, scarring, or congenital abnormalities. Common causes include:

1. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

• Often caused by bacterial infections, including chlamydia and gonorrhoea.
• Leads to scarring or adhesions that narrow or block the tubes.

2. Endometriosis

• Tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus.
• Can cause inflammation, cysts, or scar tissue around the tubes.

3. Previous Pelvic or Abdominal Surgery

• Surgeries like cyst removal, fibroid surgery, or appendectomy may leave adhesions.
• Scar tissue can twist or block the fallopian tubes.

4. Past Ectopic Pregnancy

• Scarring or damage from an ectopic pregnancy may partially or fully block a tube.

5. Uterine or Tubal Infections

• Postpartum, post-miscarriage, or IUD-related infections can cause inflammation and scarring.

6. Congenital Abnormalities

• Rarely, women are born with structural irregularities in their reproductive system that affect the tubes.

Symptoms of Blocked Fallopian Tubes

Most women experience no symptoms, which is why diagnosis often occurs during fertility evaluations. Possible signs include:

• Difficulty conceiving after months of trying
• Pelvic or lower abdominal pain
• Painful periods (dysmenorrhoea)
• Pain during sexual intercourse (dyspareunia)
• Unusual vaginal discharge
• Irregular menstrual cycles
• Bloating or heaviness in the lower abdomen (hydrosalpinx)
• Fever or general malaise in case of infection

How Are Blocked Fallopian Tubes Diagnosed?

Diagnosis usually involves imaging or surgical tests:

1. Hysterosalpingography (HSG)

• Dye is introduced into the uterus, and X-rays track its flow through the tubes.
• Blockage is indicated if the dye does not pass into the pelvic cavity.

2. Sonohysterography (Saline Infusion Sonography)

• Sterile saline (sometimes with air bubbles) is introduced, followed by ultrasound.
• Detects structural abnormalities without radiation exposure.

3. Laparoscopy with Dye Test

• Minor surgical procedure under anaesthesia with a camera inserted near the navel.
• Dye is injected to check tube patency and identify causes like adhesions or endometriosis.

4. Hysteroscopy

• Small telescope-like device inspects the uterus.
• Helps detect uterine abnormalities that may contribute to infertility.

5. Blood Tests & Pelvic Ultrasound

• Detects infections, hormonal imbalances, or ovarian cysts.

Treatment Options for Blocked Fallopian Tubes

Treatment depends on the type, location, and severity of blockage:

1. Laparoscopic Surgery

• Removes adhesions or scar tissue around the tubes.
• Can drain fluid (hydrosalpinx) or remove affected sections.

2. Tubal Recanalisation

• Non-surgical procedure for blockages near the uterine end.
• A thin catheter clears the obstruction under imaging guidance.

3. Salpingectomy

• Removal of severely damaged or fluid-filled tubes.
• Often recommended before IVF to improve success rates.

4. In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF)

• Eggs fertilised in a lab bypass the fallopian tubes entirely.
• High success rate for women with blocked or removed tubes.

5. Managing Underlying Conditions

• Treating infections, endometriosis, or PID can prevent further damage.

FAQs – Blocked Fallopian Tubes

[details Can blocked fallopian tubes open naturally? Most tubes do not open on their own once blocked. Only very mild cases caused by temporary inflammation may resolve naturally, but medical or surgical treatment is usually required.]

[details Does having blocked fallopian tubes affect menstrual cycles? No. The ovaries and uterus function normally, so periods usually remain unchanged.]

[details Can blocked fallopian tubes cause pain? Rarely. Pain may occur if fluid builds up (hydrosalpinx) or if infection/inflammation is present.]

[details Is it possible to get pregnant with only one open fallopian tube? Yes. Pregnancy can occur if the open tube is healthy and ovulation happens on that side, though fertility may be slightly reduced.]

[details How long after treatment can one try to conceive? Depends on the procedure. After surgical repair, waiting a few months is typical. IVF timing is determined individually by the fertility specialist.]

[details Can lifestyle factors increase the risk of blocked fallopian tubes? Yes. Untreated infections, sexually transmitted diseases, or complications from previous surgeries can increase the risk. Maintaining hygiene and timely treatment helps reduce chances of blockage.]

[details What is the difference between blocked fallopian tubes and endometriosis-related infertility? Blocked tubes are physical obstructions. Endometriosis is tissue growth outside the uterus causing inflammation and scarring, which may also block or damage tubes. Treatment approaches differ.]

Consult Today

Blocked fallopian tubes can be treated, and many women achieve pregnancy with the right care. Accurate diagnosis and timely intervention are key.

Consult a fertility specialist at Genesiss Multi-Speciality Hospital for personalised treatment options and guidance.

📍 Location: BTM Layout, Bangalore 📞 Appointments: +91-9886777592 🌐 Websites: www.genesisshospital.com, www.drdivyagynecologist.com, www.drrajuuro.com